Non-Insect groups

THE XERCES SOCIETY FOR INVERTEBRATE CONSERVATION

Aquatic Invertebrates in Pacific Northwest Freshwater Wetlands
An Identification Guide and Educational Resource

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Wetland taxa

Non-Insect groups

Most of the references below are from a publication by William H. Clark of Albertson College of Idaho's Orma J. Smith Museum of Natural History: Clark, W.H. 2002. Literature Pertaining to the Identification and Distribution of Aquatic Macroinvertebrates of the Western U.S. with Emphasis on Idaho. Idaho Department of Environmental Quality. State Technical Services Office. 83 pp.

Annelida
Cnidaria
Collembola
Crustacea
Ectoprocta
Hydracarina
Mollusca
Nematoda
Nematomorpha
Nemertea
Porifera
Turbellaria

Annelida
excerpted from: Clark, W.H. 2002. Literature Pertaining to the Identification and Distribution of Aquatic Macroinvertebrates of the Western U.S. with Emphasis on Idaho. Idaho Department of Environmental Quality. State Technical Services Office. 83 pp.

GENERAL

Klemm, D.J., ed. 1985. A guide to the freshwater Annelida (Polychaeta, Naidid and Tubificid Oligochaeta, and Hirudinea) of North America. Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. 198 pp.

Pennak, R.W. 1989. Freshwater invertebrates of the United States, Protozoa to Mollusca (3rd ed.). John Wiley and Sons, NY. 628 pp.

Thorpe, J.H. and A.P. Covich, eds. 1991. Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, New York. 911 pp.

Voshell J.R., J. Reese. 2001. Guide To Common Freshwater Invertebrates Of North America. Duke University Press. 480 pp.

OLIGOCHAETA

Altman, L.C. 1936. Oligochaeta of Washington. Univ. WA Publ. Biol. 4(1):1-137.

Brinkhurst, R.O. 1976. Aquatic oligochaeta recorded from Canada and the St. Lawrence Great Lakes. Dept. of Fisheries and the Environment, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Patricia Bay, 512-1230 Government Street, Victoria, B.C. V8W 1Y4.

Brinkhurst, R.O. 1986. Guide to the freshwater aquatic microdrile oligochaetes of North America. Canadian Spec. Publ. Fisheries Aquatic Sci. 84. Dept. Fish Oceans, Ottawa. 259 pp.

Brinkhurst, R.O., and D.G. Cook. 1974. Aquatic Earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta), pp. 143-156, IN: C.W. Hart, Jr., S.L.H. Fuller, eds. Pollution ecology of freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, NY.

Brinkhurst, R.O. and B.G.M. Jamieson. 1971. Aquatic Oligochaeta of the world. Univ. of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario. 860 pp.

Fender, W.M. 1985. Earthworms of the western United States. Part I. Lumbricidae. Megadrilogica 4(5):93-129.

Fender, W.M., and D. McKey-Fender. 1990. Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae and other earthworms from western North America, pp. 357-378, IN: Dindal, D.L., eds. Soil Biology Guide, John Wiley and Sons, New York.

Galloway, T.W. 1911. The common fresh-water Oligocheta of the United States. Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 30(4):285-317.

Goodnight, C.J. 1940. The Branchiobdellidae (Oligochaeta) of North American crayfishes. IL Biol. Monogr. 17(3):1-71.

Hoffman, R.L. 1963. A revision of the North American annelid worms of the genus Cambarincola (Oligochaeta) Branchiobdellidae. Proc. USNM 114(3470):271-371.

Lavers, C.H., Jr. 1941. A new species of Limnochares from North America. Univ. WA Publ. Biol. 12(1):1-6.

Macnab, J.A., and D. McKey-Fender. 1947. An introduction to Oregon earthworms with additions to the Washington list. Northwest Science 21(2):69-75.

McKey-Fender, D. 1970. Concerning native earthworms from southwestern Washington and northwestern Oregon (Oligochaeta, Acanthodrilidae). Northwest Science 44(4):225-234.

Reynolds, J.W. 1981. Nomenclatura Oligochaetologica supplementum primum. A catalogue of names, descriptions and type specimens of the Oligochaeta. Centennial Print and Litho Ltd., Fredericton, New Brunswick. 39 pp.

Wood, H.B. and S.W. James. 1993. Native and introduced earthworms from selected chaparral, woodland, and riparian zones in southern California. General Technical Report PSW-GTR-142, United States Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, CA. 20 pp.

POLYCHAETA - GENERAL

Klemm, D.J., ed. 1985. A guide to the freshwater Annelida (Polychaeta, Naidid and Tubificid Oligochaeta, and Hirudinea) of North America. Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. 198 pp.

Pennak, R.W. 1989. Freshwater invertebrates of the United States, Protozoa to Mollusca (3rd ed.). John Wiley and Sons, NY. 628 pp.

Thorpe, J.H. and A.P. Covich, eds. 1991. Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, New York. 911 pp.

POLYCHAETA

Foster, N. 1972. Freshwater polychaetes (Annelida) of North America. Biota of freshwater ecosystems identification manual No. 4. U.S. Environ. Protec. Agency, Washington, D.C. 15 pp.

Cnidaria
excerpted from: Clark, W.H. 2002. Literature Pertaining to the Identification and Distribution of Aquatic Macroinvertebrates of the Western U.S. with Emphasis on Idaho. Idaho Department of Environmental Quality. State Technical Services Office. 83 pp.

Pennak, R.W. 1989. Freshwater invertebrates of the United States, Protozoa to Mollusca (3rd ed.). John Wiley and Sons, NY. 628 pp.

Thorpe, J.H. and A.P. Covich, eds. 1991. Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, New York. 911 pp.

Collembola
excerpted from: Clark, W.H. 2002. Literature Pertaining to the Identification and Distribution of Aquatic Macroinvertebrates of the Western U.S. with Emphasis on Idaho. Idaho Department of Environmental Quality. State Technical Services Office. 83 pp.

COLLEMBOLA

Christiansen, K., and P. Bellinger. 1980-81. The Collembola of North America north of the Rio Grande. Grinnell College. Grinnell, IA. 1322 pp.

Christiansen, K.A., and R.J. Snider. 1984. Aquatic Collembola, pp. 82-93, IN: Merritt, R.W., and K.W. Cummins, eds., An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America. Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA.

Christiansen, K.A., and R.J. Snider. 1996. Aquatic Collembola, pp. 113-125, IN: Merritt, R.W., and K.W. Cummins (eds.), An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America. Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. 862 pp.

Scott, D.B. 1961. Collembola: pictorial keys to the Nearctic genera. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 54:104-113.

Waltz, R.D. and W.P. McCafferty. 1979. Freshwater springtails of North America. Research Bull. No. 960. Purdue Univ. Agricultural Experimental Station, West Lafayette, Ind. 32pp.

Wilkey, R.F. 1959. Preliminary list of the Collembola of California. Bull. CA Dept. Agric. 48(4):222-224.

Wray, D.L., and G.F. Knowlton. 1956. A preliminary list of Collembola of Idaho. Great Basin Natur. 16(1-4):1-6.

Crustacea

Crustacea.net

http://www.museum.vic.gov.au/crust/cumacgal.html (cumacea); all marine crustaceans of southern australia: http://www.museum.vic.gov.au/crust/page1a.html

excerpted from: Clark, W.H. 2002. Literature Pertaining to the Identification and Distribution of Aquatic Macroinvertebrates of the Western U.S. with Emphasis on Idaho. Idaho Department of Environmental Quality. State Technical Services Office. 83 pp.

CRUSTACEA

GENERAL

Fitzpatrick, J.F., Jr. 1983. How to know the freshwater Crustacea. Wm. C. Brown Co. Publ., Dubuque, IA. 227 pp.

McCafferty, W.P. 1981. Aquatic entomology: The fisherman's and ecologists' illustrated guide to insects and their relatives. Science Books International, Boston, USA. 448 pp.

Pennak, R. W. 1989. Fresh-water invertebrates of the United States: Protozoa to Mollusca. (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 628 pp.

Thorpe, J. H. and A. P. Covich (eds.) 1991. Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, San Diego.

Voshell J.R., J. Reese. 2001. Guide To Common Freshwater Invertebrates Of North America. Duke University Press. 480 pp.

AMPHIPODA

Bousfield, E.L. 1958. Freshwater amphipod crustaceans of glaciated North America. Can. Field Nat. 72:55-113.

Holsinger, J.R. 1972. The freshwater amphipod crustaceans (Gammaridae) of North America. Biota of freshwater ecosystems identification manual No. 5. U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. 89 pp.

Lester, G.T., and W.H. Clark. 2002. Occurrence of Coropohium spinicorne Stimpson 1857 (Amphipoda: Coropohiidae) in Idaho, U.S.A. Western North American Natauralist (in press).

DECAPODA

Bouchard, R.W. 1978. Taxonomy, distribution, and general ecology of the genera of North American crayfishes. Fisheries 3(6):11-19.

Clark, W.H., and J.W. Wroten. 1978. First record of the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, from Idaho, U.S.A. (Decapoda, Cambaridae). Crustaceana 35(3):317-319.

Hobbs, H.H., Jr. 1972. Crayfishes (Astacidae) of North and Middle America. Biota of freshwater ecosystems identification manual No. 9. U.S. Environ. Protec. Agency, Washington, D.C. 173 pp.

Hobbs, H.H., Jr. 1974. Synopsis of the families and genera of crayfishes (Crustacea: Decapoda). Smith. Cont. Zool. 164:1-32.

Hobbs, H.H., Jr. 1974. A checklist of North and Middle American crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidae and Cambaridae). Smith. Cont. Zool. 166:1-161.

Hobbs, H.H., Jr. 1989. An illustrated checklist of the American crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidae, Cambaridae, and Parastacidae). Smith Cont. Zool. 480:1-236.

Johnson, J.E. 1986. Inventory of Utah crayfish with notes on current distribution. Great Basin Natur. 46(4):625-631.

Miller, G.C. 1960. The taxonomy and certain biological aspects of the crayfish of Oregon and Washington. MS Thesis, OR State Univ., Corvallis, OR. 216pp.

Riegel, J.A. 1959. The systematics and distribution of crayfishes in California. CA Fish and Game. 45(4):29-51.

Unger, P.A. 1978. Natural history inventory of Colorado, No. 3. The crayfishes (Crustacea: Cambaridae) of Colorado. Univ. Colorado Museum, Boulder. 20 pp.

Williams, A.B., L.G. Abele, D.L. Felder, H.H. Hobbs, Jr., R.GB. Manning, P.A. McLaughlin, and I. Perez Farfante. 1989. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Decapod crustaceans. Spec. Publ. 17. Amer. Fish. Soc., Bethesda, MD. 77 pp.

Fetzner, J.W. Jr. 2005. Keys to the Orconectes, Pacifastacus, and Procambarus. Carnegie Museum of Natural History. http://iz.carnegiemnh.org/crayfish/KeysSection of Invertebrate Zoology.

ISOPODA

Bowman, T.E. 1974. The California freshwater isopod, Asellustomalensis, rediscovered and compared with Asellus occidentalis. Hydrobiologia 44(4):431-441.

Bowman, T.E. 1975. Three new troglobitic asellids from western North America (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellidae). Int. Jour. Speleol. 7:339-356.

Williams, W.D. 1972. Freshwater isopods (Asellidae) of North America. Biota of freshwater ecosystems identification manual No. 7. U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. 45 pp.

OSTRACODA

Delorme, L.D. 1964. A checklist of Pleistocene and Recent freshwater ostracods in Canada. Sterkiana. No. 14:39-44.

Delorme, L.D. 1967. Field key and methods of collecting freshwater ostracodes in Canada. Canadian Jour. Zool. 45:1275-1281.

Delorme, L.D. 1970. Freshwater ostracodes of Canada. Part I. Subfamily Cypridinae. Canadian Jour. Zool. 48(1):153-168, + XII plates.

Delorme, L.D. 1970. Freshwater ostracodes of Canada. Part II. Subfamily Cypridopsinae and Herpetocypridinae, and family Cyclocyprinidae. Canadian Jour. Zool. 48(2):253-266,+ X plates.

Delorme, L.D. 1970. Freshwater ostracodes of Canada. Part III. Family Candonidae. Canadian Jour. Zool. 48(5):1099-1127, + XXIV plates.

Delorme, L.D. 1970. Freshwater ostracodes of Canada. Part IV. Families Ilyocyprididae, Notodromadidae, Darwinulidae, Cytherideidae, and Entocytheridae. Canadian Jour. Zool. 48(6):1251-1259 + VI plates.

Delorme, L.D. 1971. Freshwater ostracodes of Canada. Part V. Families Limnocytheridae and Loxoconchidae. Canadian Jour. Zool. 49(1):43-64, + XIX plates.

Dobbin, C.N. 1941. Freshwater Ostracoda from Washington and other western localities. Univ. WA Publ. Biol. 4(3):175-246.

Ferguson, E., Jr. 1966. Some freshwater ostracods from the western United States. Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 85(2):313-318.

Furtos, N.C. 1933. The Ostracoda of Ohio. OH Biol. Surv. Bull. 29, 5(6):413-524.

Hart, C.W., Jr. 1962. A revision of the ostracods of the family Entocytheridae. Proc. Acad. Natur. Sci. Phila. 114(3):121-147.

Hart, C.W., Jr., L.C. Hayek, J. Clark, and W.H. Clark. 1985. The life history and ecology of the entocytherid ostracod Uncinocythere Occidentalis (Kozloff and Whitman) in Idaho. Smith. Contr. Zool. 419:1-22.

Hart, D.G., and C.W. Hart, Jr. 1974. The ostracod family Entocytheridae. Acad. Natur. Sci. Phila. Monogr. 18:1-239.

Hobbs, H.H., Jr., P.C. Holt, and M. Walton. 1967. The crayfishes and their epizootic ostracod and branchiobdellid associates of the Mountain Lake, Virginia, Region. Proc. USNM 123(3602):1-84.

Hobbs, A.H., Jr., and H.H. Hobbs, III. 1970. New entocytherid ostracods with a key to the genera of the subfamily Entocytherinae. Smith. Contr. Zool. 47:1-19.

Hobbs, H.H., Jr., and D.J. Peters. 1977. The entocytherid ostracods of North Carolina. Smith. Cont. Zool. 247:1-73.

Hoff, C.C. 1942. The ostracods of Illinois, their biology and taxonomy. Univ. IL Press, Urbana. 196 pp.

Hoff, C.C. 1942. The subfamily Entocytherinae, a new subfamily of freshwater cytherid Ostracoda, with descriptions of two new species of the genus Entocythere. Amer. Midl. Natur. 27:63-73.

Tressler, W.L. 1947. A check list of the known species of North American freshwater Ostracoda. Amer. Midl. Natur. 38:698-707.

Turner, C.H. 1895. Freshwater Ostracoda of the United States. Second report, State Zool. Minnesota. 1895:277-337.

Miscellaneous

Cressey, R.F. 1972. The genus Argulus (Crustacea: Branchiura) of the United States. Biota of freshwater ecosystems identification manual No. 2. U.S. Environ. Protec. Agency, Washington, D.C. 14 pp.

Ectoprocta

excerpted from the bibliography of the International Bryozoology Association (IBA) website
http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/iba/index.html

Bushnell, J.H. 1968. Aspects of architecture, ecology and zoogeography of freshwater Ectoprocta. Atti Soc. ital. sci. nat. 108, 129-151.

Callaghan, T.P. 1999. Fitness consequences of the timing and duration of germination in the freshwater bryozoan Plumatella emarginata. Dissertation Abstracts International, Part B: Science and Engineering, 59 (9), 4597.

Cranfield, H.J., Michael, K.P. & Doonan, I.J. 1999. Changes in the distribution of epifaunal reefs and oysters during 130 years of dredging for oysters in Foveaux Strait, southern New Zealand. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 9 (5), 461-483.

Freeland J.R., Noble L.R. & Okamura B. 2000. Genetic consequences of the metapopulation biology of a facultatively sexual freshwater invertebrate. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 13, 383-395.

Lauer, T.E., Barnes, D.K., Ricciardi, A. & Spacie, A. 1999. Evidence of recruitment inhibition of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) by a freshwater bryozoan (Lophopodella carteri). Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 18 (3), 406-413

Wiebach, Fritz. 1968. Taxonomical and other remarks on freshwater Bryozoa. Atti Soc. ital. sci. nat. 108, 245-246.

Hydracarina

excerpted from: Clark, W.H. 2002. Literature Pertaining to the Identification and Distribution of Aquatic Macroinvertebrates of the Western U.S. with Emphasis on Idaho. Idaho Department of Environmental Quality. State Technical Services Office. 83 pp.

GENERAL

McCafferty, W.P. 1981. Aquatic entomology: The fisherman's and ecologists' illustrated guide to insects and their relatives. Science Books International, Boston, USA. 448 pp.

Pennak, R.W. 1989. Freshwater invertebrates of the United States, Protozoa to Mollusca (3rd ed.). John Wiley and Sons, NY. 628 pp.

Thorpe, J.H. and A.P. Covich, eds. 1991. Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, New York. 911 pp.

Voshell J.R., J. Reese. 2001. Guide To Common Freshwater Invertebrates Of North America. Duke University Press. 480 pp.

HYDRACARINA

Bergstrom, D.W. 1953. Hydracarina from the Rocky Mountain region. Trans. Amer. Microscop. Soc. 72:157-162.

Conroy, J.C. 1968. The water mites of western Canada. Nat. Mus. Canada, Bull. No. 223, Contrib. Zool. IV:23-42.

Conroy, J.C. 1976. The water mites of Riding Mountain National Park, with a description of Forelia bispinosa, n.sp. (Acari: Pionidae). Man. Entomol. 8 (1974):55-69.

Conroy, J.C. and G.G.E. Scudder. 1975. An annotated checklist of the water mites (Acari) of British Columbia. Syesis 8:305-310.

Cook, D.R. 1974. Water mite genera and subgenera. Mem. Amer. Entomol. Inst., No. 21, viii + 860 pp.

Crowell, R.M. 1960. The taxonomy, distribution, and development stages of Ohio water mites. Bull. Ohio Biol. Surv. 1(2):1-77.

Crowell, R.M. 1961. Catalogue of the distribution and ecological relationships of North American Hydracarina. Can. Entomol. 93(5):321-359.

Habeeb, H. 1962. Two new water mites from Arizona. Leaflets of Acadian Biol. 26:1-2.

Habeeb, H. 1962. New water mites from Arizona and New Mexico. Leaflets of Acadian Biol. 28:1-4.

Habeeb, H. 1974. Notes on water mites - VIII. Leaflets of Acadian Biol. 59:1-4.

Marshall, R. 1933. Water mites from Wyoming as fish food. Trans. Amer. Microscop. Soc. 52(1):34-41, plates 7-8.

Marshall, R. 1943. Hydracarina from California. Part I. Trans. Amer. Microscop. Soc. 62(3):306-324.

Marshall, R. 1943. Hydracarina from California. Part II. Trans. Amer. Microscop. Soc. 62(4):404-415.

Quaglia, M.M. & J.C. Conroy. 1984. New or interesting water mites (Acari, Hydrachnellae) in drift samples from the Torch River, Saskatchewan. Intl. Jour. Acarology 10(2):89-101.

Quaglia, M.M., J.C. Conroy, and D.K. Burton. 1988. The behaviour of Atractides burtoni (Acari: Hydrachnellae: Hygrobatidae) in drift samples from the Torch River, Saskatchewan, Canada. IN: G.P. Channabasavanna & C.A. Viraktamath: Progress in Acarology 1(7.2):423-431.

Viets, K. 1956. Die Milben des Susswassers und des Meeres (Hydrachnellae et Halacaridae, Acari), Teil 2/5. G. Fischer Verlag, Jena, 870 pp.

Mollusca
Burch JB, 1975. Freshwater Unionacean Clams (Mollusca: Pelecypoda) of North America. Malacol. Publ., Hamburg Michigan. 240 pp.

Field guide to Freshwater Mussels of the Pacific Northwest

excerpted from: Clark, W.H. 2002. Literature Pertaining to the Identification and Distribution of Aquatic Macroinvertebrates of the Western U.S. with Emphasis on Idaho. Idaho Department of Environmental Quality. State Technical Services Office. 83 pp.

GENERAL

Frest, T.J. and E.J. Johannes. 2000. An annotated checklist of Idaho land and freshwater mollusks. Journal of the Idaho Academy of Science 36(2):1-51.

Frest, T.J., E.J. Johannes, W.H. Clark, G.B. Stephens, and M.G. Plew. (In Press). A bibliography of Idaho Freshwater and terrestrial mollusks. Journal of the Idaho Academy of Science

McCafferty, W.P. 1981. Aquatic entomology: the fishermen's and ecologists' illustrated guide to insects and their relatives. Science Books, Boston, MA. 448 pp.

Pennak, R.W. 1989. Freshwater invertebrates of the United States, Protozoa to Mollusca (3rd ed.). John Wiley and Sons, NY. 628 pp.

Thorpe, J.H. and A.P. Covich, eds. 1991. Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, New York. 911 pp.

Voshell J.R., J. Reese. 2001. Guide To Common Freshwater Invertebrates Of North America. Duke University Press. 480 pp.

GASTROPODA

Arnold, W.H. 1965. A glossary of a thousand and one terms used in conchology. The Veliger 7 (supplement). 50 pp.

Baker, F.C. 1911. The Lymnaeidae of North and Middle America, recent and fossil. Chicago Acad. Sci., Spec. Publ. 3. 539 pp. and 58 plates.

Baker, F.C. 1945. The molluscan family Planorbidae. Urbana, IL. 530 pp.

Basch, P.F. 1963. A review of the Recent freshwater limpet snails of North America (Mollusca: Pulmonata). Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard Coll. 129(8):399-461.

Bowler, P.A. 1991. The rapid spread of the freshwater hydrobiid snail Potomopyrgus antipodarum (Gray) in the middle Snake River, Idaho, pp. 173-182, IN: Pister, E.P. (Ed). Proceedings of the Desert Fishes Council,1990 and 1991 Annual Symposia, Vols. 21-22.

Burch, J.B. 1982. Freshwater snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of North America. EPA-600/3-82-026. U.S. Environ. Protec. Agency, Cincinnati, OH. 294 pp.

Burch, J.B. 1989. North American freshwater snails. Malacological Publications, Hamburg, MI. 357 pp.

Call, R.E. 1884. On the Quaternary and Recent Mollusca of the Great Basin, with descriptions of new forms. Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. (11):367-420.

Chamberlin, R.V., and D.T. Jones. 1929. A descriptive catalog of the Mollusca of Utah. Bull. Univ. UT. 19(4):1-203. [Biological Series 1(1)].

Frest, T.J., and P.A. Bowler. 1993. A preliminary checklist of the aquatic and terrestrial mollusks of the middle Snake River sub-basin, pp. 53-58, IN. Hendrickson, D.A. (Ed.) Proc. Desert Fishes Council, 1992 Annual Sympos. Vol. 24.

Goudreau, B., and F. Rabe. nd. Key to the aquatic Gastropoda of the northern rockies. Unpublished. University of Idaho, Moscow. 15 pp.

Gregg, W.O., and D.W. Taylor. 1965. Fontelicella (Prosobranchia: Hydrobiidae), a new genus of west American freshwater snails. Malacologia 3(1):103-110.

Henderson, J. 1924. Mollusca of Colorado, Utah, Montana, Idaho and Wyoming. Univ. CO Studies 13(2):65-223.

Henderson, J. 1929. The non-marine mollusca of Oregon and Washington. Univ. CO Studies 17:47-190.

Henderson, J. 1931. A new lymnaeid from Idaho. Nautilus 44(3):75-77.

Henderson, J. 1931. Lymnaea (Radix) auricularia L. in Idaho. Nautilus 44(4):143.

Henderson, J. 1936. Mollusca of Colorado, Utah, Montana, Idaho and Wyoming supplement. Univ. CO Studies 23(2):81-145.

Henderson, J. 1936. The non-marine mollusca of Oregon and Washington supplement. Univ. CO Studies 23(4):251-280.

Hershler, R. 1990. Pyrgulopsis bruneauensis, a new springsnail (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from the Snake River Plain, southern Idaho. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103:803-814.

Hershler, R. 1994. A review of the North American freshwater snail genus Pyrgulopsis (Hydrobiidae). Smith. Contr. Zool. 554:1-115.

Hershler, R., and T.J. Frest. 1996. A review of the North American freshwater snail genus Fluminicola (Hydrobiidae). Smith. Contr. Zool. 583:1-41.

Hershler, R., T.J. Frest. E.J. Johannes, P.A. Bowler, and F.G. Thompson. 1994. Two new genera of hydrobiid snails (Prosobranchia: Rissooidea) from the northwestern United States. Veliger 37(3):221-243.

Hershler, R., and W.F. Ponder. 1998. A review of morphological characters of hydrobioid snails. Smith. Contr. Zool. 600:1-55.

Taylor, D.W. 1970. West American freshwater mollusca, l: Bibliography of Pleistocene and recent species. Memoir 4, San Diego Soc. Natur. Hist. 73 pp.

Taylor, D.W. 1975. Index and bibliography of late Cenozoic freshwater mollusca of western North America. Claude W. Hibbard Memorial Volume I. Pacific Marine Station, Univ. Pacific, Dillon Beach, CA. 384 pp.

Taylor, D.W. 1988. New species of Physa (Gastropoda: Hygrophila) from the western United States. Malacol. Rev. 21:43-79.

Turgeon, D.D., A.E. Bogan, E.V. Coan, W.K. Emerson, W.G. Lyons, W.L. Pratt, C.F.E. Roper, A. Scheltema, F.G. Thompson, and J.D. Williams. 1988. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates of the United States and Canada: mollusks. Spec. Publ. 16. Amer. Fish. Soc., Bethesda, MD. 277 pp. + 12 plates.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1995. Snake River aquatic species recovery plan. Snake River Basin Office, Ecological Services, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Boise, ID. 92 pp.

Vaught, K.C. 1989. A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists, Inc., Melbourne, FL. 195 pp.

Walker, B. 1918. A synopsis of the classification of the freshwater Mollusca of North America, north of Mexico, and a catalogue of the more recently described species, with notes. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. MI 6:1-213.

Wood, D.H. 1982. The aquatic snails (Gastropoda) of the Savannah River Plant Aiken, South Carolina. SRO-NERP-10. Savannah River Plant Nat. Environ. Research Park, Aiken, SC. 46 pp.

BIVALVIA (PELECYPODA)

Brandauer, N., and S.K. Wu. 1978. Natural history inventory of Colorado 2. The Bivalvia of Colorado, Part 2. The freshwater mussels (Family Unionidae). Univ. CO Museum, Boulder, CO. pp. 41-60.

Britton, J.C., and S.L.H. Fuller. 1980. The freshwater bivalve mollusca (Unionidae, Sphaeriidae, Corbiculidae) of the Savannah River Plant Aiken, South Carolina. SRO-NERP-3. Savannah River Plant National Environmental Research Park, Aiken, SC. 37 pp.

Burch, J.B. 1972. Freshwater sphaeriacaean clams (Mollusca: Pelecypoda) of North America. Biota of freshwater ecosystems identification manual No. 3. U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. 31 pp.

Burch, J.B. 1973. Freshwater unionacean clams (Mollusca: Pelecypoda) of North America. Biota of freshwater ecosystems identification manual No. 11. U.S. Environ. Protec. Agency, Washington, D.C. 176 pp.

Call, R.E. 1884. On the Quaternary and Recent Mollusca of the Great Basin, with descriptions of new forms. Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. (11):367-420.

Chamberlin, R.V., and D.T. Jones. 1979. A descriptive catalog of the Mollusca of Utah. Bull. Univ. UT. 19:1-203.

Clarke, A.H. 1981. The tribe Alasmidontini (Unionidae: Anodontinae), Part I: Pegias, Alasmidonta, and Arcidens. Smith. Contr. Zool. 326:1-101.

Henderson, J. 1924. Mollusca of Colorado, Utah, Montana, Idaho and Wyoming. Univ. CO Studies 13(2):65-223.

Henderson, J. 1929. The non-marine mollusca of Oregon and Washington. Univ. CO Studies 17:47-190.

Henderson, J. 1936. Mollusca of Colorado, Utah, Montana, Idaho and Wyoming supplement. Univ. CO Studies 23(2):81-145.

Henderson, J. 1936. The non-marine mollusca of Oregon and Washington supplement. Univ. CO Studies 23(4):251-280.

Ingram, W.M. 1948. The larger freshwater clams of California, Oregon, and Washington. Jour. Entomol. Zool. 40(4):72-92.

Taylor, D.W. 1970. West American freshwater mollusca, l: Bibliography of Pleistocene and recent species. Memoir 4, San Diego Soc. Natur. Hist. 73pp.

Vaught, K.C. 1989. A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists, Inc., Melbourne, FL. 195 pp

Voelz, N.J., J.V. McArthur, and R.B. Rader. 1998. Upstream mobility of the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea identifying potential dispersal agents. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 13:39-45.

Williams, J.C., and G.A. Schuster. 1989. Freshwater mussel investigations of the Ohio River Mile 317.0 to Mile 981.0. KY Dept. Fish & Wildlife Resources, Frankfort, KY. 57 pp.

Wu, S.K. 1978. Natural history inventory of Colorado 2. The Bivalvia of Colorado, Part 1. The fingernail and pill clams (Family Sphaeriidae). Univ. CO Museum, Boulder. 39 pp.

Nematoda

GENERAL

Pennak, R.W. 1989. Freshwater invertebrates of the United States, Protozoa to Mollusca (3rd ed.). John Wiley and Sons, NY. 628 pp.

Thorpe, J.H. and A.P. Covich, eds. 1991. Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, New York. 911 pp.

NEMATODA

Cobb, N.A. 1914. The North American free-living freshwater nematodes. Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 33:69-134.

Ferris, V.R., J.M. Ferris, and J.P. Tepkema. 1973. Genera of freshwater nematodes (Nematoda) of Eastern North America. Biota of freshwater ecosystems identification manual No. 10. U.S. Environ. Protec. Agency, Washington, D.C. 38 pp.

Goodey, J.B. 1963. Soil and freshwater nematodes. Wiley, NY. 544 pp.

Pennak, R.W. 1989. Freshwater invertebrates of the United States, Protozoa to Mollusca (3rd Edition). John Wiley and Sons, NY. 628 pp.

Tarjan, A.C., R.P. Esser, and S.L. Chang. 1977. An illustrated key to nematodes found in fresh water. J. Water Poll. Control Fed. 49:2318-2337.

Thorpe, J.H. and A.P. Covich, eds. 2001. Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates (2nd Edition). Academic Press, New York. 911 pp.

Nematomorpha

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GENERAL

Pennak, R.W. 1989. Freshwater invertebrates of the United States, Protozoa to Mollusca (3rd ed.). John Wiley and Sons, NY. 628 pp.

Smith, D.G. 2001. Pennak's freshwater invertebrates of the United States: Porifera to Crustacea, (4th Edition). John Wiley & Sons. 648 pp.

Thorpe, J.H. and A.P. Covich, eds. 2001. Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates (2nd Edition). Academic Press, New York. 911 pp.

NEMATOMORPHA

Bresciani, J. 1991. Nematomorpha. Pages 197–218 in: Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates. F. W. Harrison and E. E. Ruppert, eds. Wiley-Liss, New York.

Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. 1996. The nervous system of Nectonema munidae and Gordius aquaticus, with implications for the ground pattern of the Nematomorpha. Zoomorphology 116:133-142.

Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships of the Nematomorpha — a discussion of current hypothesis. Zoologischer Anzeiger 236:203–216.

Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. 2001. Horsehair worms (Nematomorpha) as parasites of praying mantids with a discussion of their life cycle. Zoologischer Anzeiger 240(2):167-179.

Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. 2002. Are the genera of Nematomorpha monophyletic taxa? Zoologica Scripta 31:185-200.

Nemertea

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Envall, M. 1998. General problems in estimating nemertean relationships on ribosomal sequence data - an example using six monostiliferous species and mitochondrial 16S rDNA. Hydrobiologia 365:19-31.

Gibson, R. 1994. Nemerteans. Synopses of the British Fauna [New Series] No. 24, 2nd edition. Field Studies Council, Shrewsbury, UK, 224 pp.

Gibson, R. 1995. Nemertean genera and species of the world. An annotated checklist of original names and description citations, synonyms, current taxonomic status, habitats and recorded zoogeographic distribution. Journal of Natural History 29:271-562.

Härlin, M. 1998. Tree-thinking and nemertean systematics, with a systematization of the Eureptantia. Hydrobiologia 365:33-46.

Maslakova, S. A. and J. L. Norenburg. 2001. Phylogenetic study of pelagic nemerteans (Pelagica, Polystilifera). Hydrobiologia 456:111-132.

Moore, J. and R. Gibson. 1985. The evolution and comparative physiology of terrestrial and freshwater nemerteans. Biological Reviews 60:257–312.

Roe, P. and J. L. Norenburg. 2001. Morphology and taxonomic distribution of a newly discovered feature, postero-lateral glands, in pelagic nemerteans. Hydrobiologia 456:133-144.

Schwartz, M. L. and J. L. Norenburg. 2001. Can we infer heteronemertean phylogeny from available morphological data? Hydrobiologia 456:165-174.

Stricker, S. A., T. L. Smythe, L. Miller, and J. L. Norenburg. 2001. Comparative biology of oogenesis in nemertean worms. Acta Zoologica 82(3):213-230.

Sundberg, P. and R. Hylbom. 1994. Phylogeny of the nemertean subclass Palaeonemertea (Anopla, Nemertea). Cladistics 10:347-402.

Sundberg, P. and M. Svensson. 1994. Homoplasy, character function, and nemertean systematics. Journal of Zoology 234:253-263.

Sundberg, P., J. M. Turbeville, and S. Lindh. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships among higher nemertean (Nemertea) taxa inferred from 18S rDNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 20:327-334.

Thollesson, M. and J. L. Norenburg. 2003. Ribbon worm relationships: a phylogeny of the phylum Nemertea. Journal of the Royal Society of London B 270:407-415.

Turbeville, J. M. 1991. Nemertea. Pages 285-328 in: Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates. F. W. Harrison and B. J. Bogitsch, eds. Wiley-Liss, New York.

Turbeville, J. M., K. G. Field, and R. A. Raff. 1992. Phylogenetic position of phylum Nemertini, inferred from 18s rRNA sequences: Molecular data as a test of morphological character homology. Molecular Biology and Evolution 9:235-249.

Porifera

GENERAL

McCafferty, W.P. 1981. Aquatic entomology: the fishermen's and ecologists' illustrated guide to insects and their relatives. Science Books, Boston, MA. 448 pp.

Pennak, R.W. 1989. Freshwater invertebrates of the United States, Protozoa to Mollusca (3rd ed.). John Wiley and Sons, NY. 628 pp.

Thorpe, J.H. and A.P. Covich, eds. 1991. Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, New York. 911 pp.

PORIFERA

Clark, W.H. 1985. First record of Climacia californica (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) and its host sponge, Ephydatia mulleri (Porifera: Spongillidae), from Idaho with water quality relationships. Great Basin Natur. 45(3):391-394.

Penny, J.T. 1960. Distribution and bibliography (1892-1957) of the freshwater sponges. Univ. SC Publ. Ser. 3:1-97.

Penny, J.T. and A.A. Racek. 1968. Comprehensive revision of a world-wide collection of fresh-water sponges (Porifera: Spongillidae). Bull. US Nat. Mus. 272:1-184.

Smith, F. 1921. Distribution of the fresh-water sponges of North America. Bull. IL Natur. Hist. Surv. 14:9-22.

Turbellaria

General
Pennak, R.W. 1989. Freshwater invertebrates of the United States, Protozoa to Mollusca (3rd ed.). John Wiley and Sons, NY. 628 pp.

Smith, D.G. 2001. Pennak's freshwater invertebrates of the United States: Porifera to Crustacea, (4th Edition). John Wiley & Sons. 648 pp.

Thorpe, J.H. and A.P. Covich, eds. 2001. Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates (2nd Edition). Academic Press, New York. 911 pp.

Other literature
Ball, I.R. 1969. An annotated checklist of the freshwater Tricladida of the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. Can. Jour. Zool. 47:59-64.

Ball, I.R. 1974. A contribution to the phylogeny and biogeography of the freshwater triclads (Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria), pp. 339-401, IN: N.W. Riser and M.P. Morse, ed. Biology of the Turbellaria, McGraw-Hill Book Co., NY.

Hampton, A.M. 1988. Altitudinal range and habits of triclads in streams of the Lake Tahoe basin. Amer. Midl. Natur. 120:302-312.

Kenk, R. 1972. Freshwater planarians (Turbellaria) of North America. Biota of freshwater ecosystems identification manual No. 1. U.S. Environ. Protec. Agency, Washington, D.C. 81 pp.

Kenk, R. 1974. Flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida), pp. 67-80, IN: C.W. Hart, Jr., S.L.H. Fuller, eds. Pollution ecology of freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, NY.

Kenk, R. 1989. Revised list of the North American freshwater planarians (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Paludicola). Smith. Cont. Zool. 476:1-10.

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