THE XERCES SOCIETY FOR INVERTEBRATE CONSERVATION

Aquatic Invertebrates in Pacific Northwest Freshwater Wetlands
An Identification Guide and Educational Resource

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  HomeIntro to ID taxa
 

This section of the guide includes identification keys and lists of macroinvertebrates found in Pacific Northwest freshwater wetlands. Using this guide, you can identify most Northwest aquatic macroinvertebrates down to family. The keys provide pictures and descriptions of the characters you need to look for to identify an organism.

In order to evaluate the biological condition of a wetland, you must be familar with wetland organisms and their natural histories. In addition to the value of such skills in assessment work, being able to recognize common taxa can really add to your appreciation of the diversity of life that wetlands support.

There are certain taxa that you will come across in almost every sample, while others are less common. You are likely to see a lot of Dipteran larvae, especially those of chironomid midges, mosquitoes, and crane flies. Some of the more conspicuous fauna are a variety of predatory adult insects. Within the Coleoptera, the predaceous diving beetles, crawling water beetles and water scavenger beetles will be encountered often. Among the Hemiptera you are likely to find many water boatmen and backswimmers. A diversity of mayflies are present in wetlands, but you will encounter the small minnow mayflies most often. Although the immature forms of dragonflies and damselflies are not as conspiciuous as when they fly as adults, individuals in the Narrowwinged damselfy and Skimmer dragonfly families are quite abundant. Some of the non-insect taxa that you are likely to encounter include water mites, aquatic snails, hydroids, flat worms, oligochaete worms, and crustaceans such as scuds, sowbugs, water fleas, seed shrimp and copepods.

 

A FEW TIPS FOR USING THIS GUIDE:

1) Most orders (for insects) and families or class (for non-insects) have an introduction page for that taxa.

2) There are links to a taxa key and a taxa list on each introduction page that looks like this:

Key to Families | Family list

3) Some information is provided at every level of identification, but the deeper you can go into the key, the more specific and usually technical the information will be for the organism you're looking at. In general, this key only goes as far as family for each taxon.

4) Clicking the highlighted text in each key will take you to the next level of the key or to a taxon.

5) The more common taxa are usually (not always) at the top of each key.

6) Many taxa have a section called "not common in Pacific Northwest wetlands," featuring those
taxa more likely to be found in other regions, in faster flowing waters or other ecosystems.

7) Clicking on an image will enlarge the image.

8)The list of links with arrows between them at the very top of every page will allow you to go backwards in your identification.

9) Many words, especially those having to do with anatomy, are linked to their definition in the glossary. For instance, you might be wondering what the definition of the word taxa is.

10) Keep in mind that macroinvertebrates are generally quite small. Macroinvertebrate orders and families can often be identified with the naked eye or a hand lens, but a dissecting microscope is essential to identify many of the genera or species accurately.

If you do not have any experience in entomology, you will probably find the following links to basic entomological topics immensely helpful.

For a brief introduction to invertebrate taxonomy, click here.
For an introduction to invertebrate natural history, click here.
For an introduction in invertebrate anatomy, click here.

 

 

Taxa list:

Insect Orders Non-Insect Groups

True Flies (Diptera)
Mayflies (Ephemeroptera)
Caddisflies (Trichoptera)
Dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata)
Aquatic true bugs (Hemiptera)
Aquatic beetles (Coleoptera)
Dobsonflies and alderflies (Megaloptera)
Stoneflies (Plecoptera)
Aquatic moths (Lepidoptera)

Incidental adults

Water mites (Hydracarina)
Scuds, sowbugs, crayfish, and pals (Crustacea)
Snails, limpets, clams, and mussels (Mollusca)
Springtails (Collembola)
Segmented worms (Annelida)
Hydroids (Cnidaria)
Flatworms (Turbellaria)
Ribbon worms (Nemertea)
Roundworms (Nematoda)
Horsehair worms (Nematomorpha)
Moss animals (Ectoprocta)
Sponges (Porifera)

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