THE XERCES SOCIETY FOR INVERTEBRATE CONSERVATION

Aquatic Invertebrates in Pacific Northwest Freshwater Wetlands
An Identification Guide and Educational Resource

Tolerance

Websites
Journal articles
Literature reviews
Databases

Websites
EPA summary of invertebrate responses to various stressors, including: Enrichment/ eutrophication, Organic loading/ reduced dissolved oxygen, Contaminant toxicity, Acidification, Salinization, Burial/ sedimentation, Turbidity/Shade; Vegetation removal, Thermal alteration, Dehydration/Inundation, and Fragmentation of Habitat.

Journal articles
Metcalfe JL, ME Fox and JH Carey. 1984. Aquatic Leeches (Hirudinea) as bioindicators of organic chemical contaminants in freshwater ecosystems. Chemosphere 13(1): 143-150.

Lewis MA. 1991. Chronic and sublethal toxicities of surfactants to aquatic animals: a review and risk assessment. Water Research 25: 101-113.

Wright DA and PM Welbourn. 1994. Cadmium in the aquatic environment: a review of ecological, physiological, and toxicological effects on biota. Environmental Reviews 2:187-214.

Literature Reviews
Fletcher CL and WA McKay. 1993. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in the aquatic environment - a literature review. Chemosphere 26:1041-1069.

Databases
National Database of Wetland Invertebrate Sensitivities to Enrichment and Hydrologic Alteration - (ZIP-398KB, a compressed file). This database is cross-referenced to an annotated bibliography. First download the compressed file, uncompress it, then import it into EXCEL or another database application. It can then be sorted or searched. This database lists wetland invertebrate species or taxa and, when available, their sensitivity to various wetland stressors, the type of wetland and a reference for the study.